in·duc·tive, in·duk'tiv, v.t. [L. induco, inductum.] out of; inducing principles; to introduce from; to initiate; logic: in inferring conclusions or principles from facts; the act of reasoning based on evidence in facts, to come to logical conclusions; the act of persuasion by inference from particulars; Diverse from deductive reasoning in that it doesn't begin with an hypothesis, but starts with specifics rather than premise.

o   some degree, what you are told inductive Bible study means will depend upon which Theologian you are asking. But fundamentally, it is a term of logic that means interpreting scripture with no pre-judgment, from the text itself, through analyzing the evidence and drawing out of it logical conclusions. Biblical Induction literally means 'out of,' or introduced "from" the Bible. The Bible being the source of specifics from which general evidence (and thus doctrine) is derived.

Though not known by this title, this is how 'faithful' Christians have gleaned truth from scripture since Bible study began. For it is by God's use of repeated examples in scripture that He illustrates to His servants the true interpretation, that they may (by comparing scripture with scripture) come to sound conclusions based upon those received Biblical examples. By the Spirit, using inductive reasoning from the word, we both can and should come to consistently defensible and trustworthy interpretations. Though many Christians claim the Bible is totally perplexing, it is not the word that is so confusing, it is man who doesn't rightly divide, or righteously judge the word that he is reading. And this because of his own sinful nature that inevitably hardens his heart to distasteful or difficult doctrines, that he won't understand them.
 

Indeed we may reasonably define it as the operation of the mind of Christ in us, by which through this system we infer from that which is known true (the Word of God), upon that which to us is an unknown (what the scripture means), to come to sound conclusions. That is Biblical induction. And this is how we come to very dependable judgments about the evidence of scripture. It is not unlike a court of law where a juror would take in and examine the evidence from the scene, careful to make mental notes, that he would come to a righteous conclusion based upon induction of that evidence.

True inductive Bible study never starts with an hypothesis. And it has only one presupposition, which is:

'..the word of God alone is innerrant, authoritative over all ideas, and informative in faith, practice and doctrine. Thus it is the only qualified source of interpretation of scripture.'

Part of the logic and rationale in Biblical induction is to find specific consistent examples, and to use them as standards, the criteria, or evidences of law. For example, by Christ being revealed in scripture as the good Shepherd, we better understand sheep representing those He cares for. Or by poisonous serpents representing those of Satan, we better understand why God's servants are given power that serpents cannot harm them (Matthew 23:13; Luke 10:19; Mark 16). The understanding of these truths are all based upon Biblical induction, or the gleaning of general truths 'out of' the source for truth, which is the Bible. We are thus learning what is the true God breathed interpretation, by these repeated models or examples found in scripture.
 

Another example can be seen in how scripture prophesied that a sin bearer would come, and the iniquity of His people would be laid upon Him (Isaiah 53). From many scriptures (all taken as true and compared in harmony with each other), we conclude by the myriad of evidences, that Christ 'was' that sin bearer and that He fulfilled that prophecy of the coming Messiah. We know that this is true not by hypothesis, guesswork, or conjecture, but by sound inductive Bible study, using Biblical facts as the source, and applying evidences so that scripture interprets itself. This system will explicitly point to this correct Biblical conclusion. That is inductive reasoning where the truth of interpretation is induced out of the Biblical facts of the Old and New Testament scriptures. As contrasted with deductive Bible study (which is reading an interpretation into the Bible text by assumption), inductive Study is drawing an interpretation 'out of' the Bible text. Thus it didn't come from you, but from the authoritative word of God itself. The frame below gives a few simple examples of the process in 'rudimentary' Biblical induction.

This illustrates the use of Biblical facts and Biblical evidence to come to conclusions consistent with the facts in the 'whole' of God's Word. This illustration is of course overly simplistic, but the more Biblical facts and evidences you add to the equation, the more sure you can be that you have come to God's truth, and not your own interpretation. For example, in that first illustration of Christ, we could continue to induce from scripture that (evidence #2) God is the Alpha and Omega, and beside Him there is no other Saviour, and (evidence #3) Christ also said that He was Alpha and Omega and was the Saviour, and (evidence #4) God said Christ is the Creator of heaven and earth and all that was therein, and (evidence #5) also says that God was the Creator of heaven and earth and all that was made. We could continue evidence after evidence, and by Biblical induction, we see that all of these infallible proofs of law should lead us to the same inescapable conclusion that we saw in that first simplistic illustration. Namely, that Jesus is God.

Of course I say it 'should,' because if any professed Christian is of a mind and spirit not to hear what the scriptures say, then the system of interpretation is all a moot point. Nobility or what is simply honesty, is that we do not handle the scriptures deceitfully. And this is a gift of God. And without that gift, no amount of scripture references are enough to convince anyone of anything that they do not wish to believe.
 

When Christians ask "why are there so many different interpretations in the Church," the answers are often as varied as the Churches. There is vain Church traditions or habits, there's sloppy exegesis, laziness in reading, etc., etc. But the lack of the Spirit of truth which would lead one to sound conclusions can never be ruled out. Because without the Spirit working within us, we can pridefully (deceitfully) declare that scripture means anything that is our will to declare.
 

The goal in inductive Bible study is to approach the scriptures with an earnestness that we not only read it, but are spiritually taught by it. Because if we are simply reading our preconceived ideas into scripture, or looking for justification of doctrines that we already hold, we are not seeking truth. We are merely seeking justification. True inductive reasoning in Bible study will eliminate this by having the starting point be one where the student confesses that, 'he knows nothing but the Biblical facts, and is willing to be taught out of those facts.' Then we can get a legitimate God breathed interpretation of scripture, rather than vainly reading our own personal beliefs into it.

Many Theologians claim that the Bible is not a book of logic, however I believe that the Bible is the most rational logical book on the face of the earth. Not in man's definition of logic, science, or rational thinking, but in God's understanding of system, logic and rational thinking. What is foolishness to man is the wisdom of God and the wisdom of man is foolishness to God. To man the Bible is not truth, but foolishness. But indeed, how could a book be inspired penned by so many different prophets, whose lives are separated by so many hundreds of years, where they have no knowledge of one another, and yet have every word and teaching be in total consistency with every other prophets' words and teachings. How could such a unique, ordered and congruous book be without logic or sound reasoning? It makes no sense. To come to such a conclusion would in itself be illogical and irrational. You could have two people of the same view speak one day apart and chances are they will end up contradicting each other in something. much less written words over hundreds of years. Truly, the Bible testifies of itself that it is true.

Real logic and rational thinking is in understanding that if the Bible is the inspired and infallible word from the mind of God (a Christian given), then it can only be interpreted by the author, God. And this is the 'key' to understanding Canon, because the author is not man.
 

• Secular history (no matter how allegedly trustworthy) can neither define nor interpret scripture. Scripture in fact both defines and interprets history. Secular history and the presuppositions thereby, must be subordinate to scripture.
• The Bible (thee inspired word of God) is the final arbiter for Christian doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness. Man's ideas, whether scientific, historical, or archaeological, must in all areas be subject to the word of God.
• Rightly dividing the word means cutting or proportioning it correctly, taking things both in context, and by the examples shown in comparing scripture with scripture. It is by the use of Biblical precepts and models that we discern what God means by any given passage.
• Besides being its own interpreter, the Bible, compared with itself, can be used as its own dictionary. Words can be defined by searching through the scripture to see how God uses the same words in other passages. With prayer and supplication seeking wisdom and understanding, we can often set forth the meaning by the use and context.
• The Holy Spirit is the true teacher of what scripture means, and by Grace of God it works within us to humility, and moves us to surrender to its authority. It is by this working that we 'receive' what God has inspired written, and are persuaded to look honestly at scripture.
• Our conclusions are induced only from the Biblical facts and evidences of what we find in scripture. Never by politics, culture, traditions habit, nations, Church leaders or other outside influences.
• There is often a deeper spiritual meaning to scripture underlying the literal, which is only discerned by a careful and measured exegesis. A thorough examination of like-examples, in context, is a good sound basis for coming to correct conclusions concerning spiritual with spiritual.

In closing, let me say that there are many contemporary Theologians today who are purporting inductive Bible study, but who lean toward the historical, experiential, or the emotional rather than a textual analysis. I do not shrink from declaring that "this is folly." We must never give way to experience, secular history, science, archeology, or the self serving attempts of modernist Theologians to place themselves into the shoes of the Biblical participants in order to glean what they were thinking (as if we could). The fact is, they didn't 'think' the scriptures, God did. We must instead follow the text religiously and without outside influences that lead to deviations from doctrine and understanding. It is this solid Biblical analysis of text that characterizes sound inductive Bible study. The key word here being 'sound,' because anyone can claim to study the Bible in an inductive fashion, but the proof is in the examples and evidences presented.

When we study Biblically, we take in or glean solid evidence from the scripture (the specific source), that we then have legitimate basis to come to Biblical truth. In other words, conclusions based upon our study and observations of the evidences and laws. This is the only real way to come to truth, and has been done for years without the fancy name of an 'inductive Bible Study.' The true strength of sound inductive study is that it interprets the Bible not by man's idea of what it means, but by the Biblical evidence. It is a vehicle to help Christians to both grow in Grace, and to uncover the meaning of difficult texts for themselves. In doing so, it inherently shows the foolishness of depending upon Church leaders, Pastors, Teachers, or any man for absolute truth. The Bible is the written evidence that interpretations indeed do belong to God.

    We pray that the Lord who is rich in mercy and Gracious above all, guide you into the magnificent truths of His Holy Word.

Amen!